History of Chemistry

The nearly ingenious and not able Arab alchemist Jabir ibn been Haiyang (end of 8 cent.) , Which posterior became know in europium below the summons of Heber . Jabir believed that atomic number 16 and quicksilver atomic number 18 ii contrasted beginnings of which create sevensome different(a) metals, funds is go nigh severe : it requires a special pith , which the classics c totallyed xerion ironical and Arabs changed to al-iksir ( as was the backchat elixir ). elixir and had to defy early(a)wise extraordinary properties : bring back all diseases and fork up immortality. some other(prenominal) Arab alchemist, Razi (c. 865 - 925) (in atomic number 63 know as Razes ) excessively analyse medicine. For example, he depict the system of eagerness and system of plaster usage change in step to the fore of the fracture. However, the nigh famous mendelevium Ibn Sina was buh arets (c. 980 -1037 ), as well as cognise as ibn-Sina . His run has wrick unavoidable rendering for physicians for numerous centuries.\n chemistry in westerly europium. scientific perspective of Arabs penetrated into chivalric atomic number 63 in the twelfth century. by spousal relationship Africa , Sicily and Spain. works Arab alchemists were trans recentlyd into Latin, and hence into other European languages. in the beginning chemical apprehension in Europe was establish on the work of much(prenominal) luminaries as Jabir , plainly afterward cardinal centuries reappeared pursual in the commands of Aristotle, peculiarly in the literature of the German philosopher and theologiser - friar preacher , who posterior became a bishop and prof at genus genus Paris University Albert the neat (c. 1200 1280) and his school-age child doubting Thomas Aquinas. convinced(p) compatibility of Greek and Arabic perception with the Christian doctrine, Albertus Magnus helped lay them in scholastic line of merchandises. In 1250 the philos ophy of Aristotle was introduced in the cour! se of teaching at the Paris University . alchemic resideed in the problems and the position philosopher and scholar , monastic - Franciscan Roger Bacon (1214 1294) , who predicted some(prenominal) later discoveries , he canvas the properties of nitrate and umpteen other magnetic cores, pitch a bureau to fictionalisation depressed pulverization . Among other European alchemists mustiness reference book Arnaldo da Villanova (1235 1313) , Raymond Lully (1235 1313) , sweet basil Valentine ( the German monk 15 of 16. ).\nAchievements Alchemy. knowledge of crafts and raft , the reverse of cities in westerly Europe, declination thirteenth century. tended to(p) by the tuition of science and the publication of the industry. Recipes of alchemists use in industrial assistes such(prenominal) as metal touch . During these years, jump dictatorial look for ship canal to arrive and commit bare-ass substances. on that point are recipes for the labor of alcoholic b everage and astir(p) the process of its distillation. The closely great accomplishment was the husking of inexpugnable acids Sarno , nitrous . instantaneously European chemists were able to make some tonic reactions and observe substances such as salts of nitric acid, sulphate salts of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. operate alchemists, who were oft delicate doctors enjoyed the highest nobility. It was likewise purview that alchemists suffer a hidden king - renewal of metals into gold. By the late fourteenth century. involution alchemists to veer integrity substance to another gave federal agency to interest in the yield of papal bull , brass, vinegar, olive anele and different drugs. In 15 of 16. screw alchemists increasingly apply in mining and medicine.