Analysis of Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin Essay - 804 Words

Mollie Colon Comp 111 B04 Mrs. Canella In Class Essay 1 â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by author James Baldwin tells the tale of two brothers; one good and one evil. The narrator paints the two brothers as â€Å"light† and â€Å"dark†. The author James Baldwin writes about his relationship with his brother Sonny whom was the â€Å"dark† brother. In essence, this story is about the struggle of two black brothers growing up in Harlem. This essay incorporates the struggles that Black men and women go through on a daily basis. Though both brothers were from the ghetto, the narrator seems to have assimilated into the larger society/culture; he was a school teacher doing generally well in what we call life. Sonny on the other hand turned to drugs (heroin) to escape from†¦show more content†¦All of these stories are brothers fighting with one another and each brother in all of three stories has the â€Å"good† and the â€Å"bad† qualities about them. Like previously stated, Sonny w as the good brother; so were the Prodigal son and Cain. Tackach also talked about the â€Å"cup of trembling† which was a Biblical term that symbolizes sinners that were now redeemed. When the narrator sends Sonny a drink at the end of the story, he claims that it is like the â€Å"cup of trembling†. This is another term taken from the Bible to symbolize the relationship between the two brothers. Tackach seems to use biographical and historical criticism when breaking down the story of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. Like Tackachs, Michael Clark’s criticism ‘Light and Darkness in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ also uses the â€Å"light† and â€Å"darkness† to describe the story. The â€Å"light† being the ‘good’ and the â€Å"dark† being the ‘bad’ qualities. Unlike Tackachs, Clark uses these terms to refer to the emotions felt by Sonny when he was on drugs, thinking about his life or whe n playing his piano; his jazz music. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, the narrator writes â€Å"I feel like a man who’s been trying to climb up out of some deep, real deep and funky hole and just saw the sun up there, outside. I got to get outside.† Clark uses the â€Å"funky hole† to describe the darkness and â€Å"the sun† to describe the light. To Clark, the whole story is about how Sonny feels and how his music portrays his emotions, his despair and finally his joy. I agree withShow MoreRelated Analysis of Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin Essay462 Words   |  2 PagesAnalysis of Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin In the story of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† by Baldwin, the beginning of the story finds Sonny’s brother on his way to work reading about Sonny’s predicament. Sonny got arrested for â€Å"peddling and using heroin.† He didn’t want to believe that his brother was in trouble. While teaching his algebra class he was thinking about the past. He remembered when he first suspected his Sonny of using Heroin. He was always under the impression that Sonny was, â€Å"wild, but heRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin956 Words   |  4 PagesJames Baldwin was born on August 2, 1924, to a single mother in Harlem. After his mother married his stepfather David Baldwin, who was a Baptist minister, he was adopted by him. Growing up, he didn’t feel as if he was accepted the way his other siblings were, though. In some of Baldwin stories, they often have a similar story line where it seems he is the less favored child over everyone else. In â⠂¬Å"Sonny’s Blues,† a similar scenario is presented in some ways. While the unnamed narrator often speaksRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin1139 Words   |  5 PagesKelly J. Warner Professor Carol Wittig EN 234 – Introduction to Fiction 31 August 2017 A Second Chance The story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin hits home to my own personal life. In the story, a man learns that his brother is in jail and he is hooked on drugs. This story relates to my life because I have experienced something similar. Not only do I think that it can relate to my life, but so many other people who are struggling with drug and alcohol addiction. My father passed away due to a drugRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, written by James Baldwin, the narrator and his younger brother, Sonny, interact with musical elements that serve as a redemption for Sonny. Baldwin believes in the power of music to rescue or minimize the suffering that people go through. Both characters isolate themselves with several instances of music and issue their reactions toward it. Sonny is an uprising musician that wants to portray his life by playing the piano. This story is about Sonnyâ €™s Blues. His sadnessRead More##ing Suffering Through Music : An Analysis Of Sonnys Blues By James Baldwin1167 Words   |  5 PagesJameka Gaston Dr. Basaninyenzi English 102 11/29/17 Expressing Suffering through Music: An Analysis of â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Written in 1957 by James Baldwin, â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is a short story where music plays a dominant role in defining characters, specifically Sonny. The story has three main topics of discussion, family struggles, drug addiction and most importantly music. In the beginning Sonny’s older brother, a high school algebra teacher. He reads about him being arrested for selling heroin.Read More Mending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues1292 Words   |  6 PagesMending the Relationship of Two Brothers in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues According to Liukkonen, James Baldwin is well known for his novels on sexual and personal identity, and sharp essays on civil-rights struggle in the United States. Sonnys Blues is no exception to this. The story takes place in Harlem, New York in the 1950s and tells of the relationship between two brothers. The older brother, who is the narrator and a participant in the novel, remains unnamed throughout the storyRead MoreLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†1549 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of â€Å"Sweat† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Amelia Williams ENG125: Introduction to Literature Instructor: Deborah Zeringue December 22, 2014 As living and breathing human beings people are bound to experience some type of conflict. Conflict can be present within a person, between two people, between a person and forces of nature, and even between a person and their society. Conflict is defined as the struggle that shapes the plot in a story (Clugston, 2014, ch.4sect.1 para.4). When readingRead MoreJames Baldwin s Reality Through Sonny1253 Words   |  6 Pages James Baldwin’s Reality through Sonny Sonny’s Blues digs deeply into the â€Å"Negro American† during Civil Rights and Jim Crow Era’s. Set in Harlem, New York in the 1950’s. James Baldwin’s stories give insight based on events of his culture and this becomes apparent through the analysis of the characters in Sonny’s Blues. James Baldwin uses his talents to paint a vivid picture of African American life through a fictional story of two brothers who choseRead MoreAnalysis Of Sonny s Blues By John M. Lee2198 Words   |  9 PagesInstructor: Dr. Kim Course: English 132 Sonny’s Blues is one of the famous stories expressing the deplorable conditions the Black community found themselves in during the struggle against racial segregation in the American history. The analysis given by John M. Reilley is to draw the attention of the readers and audience on the image of the black community, basically as expressed by Sonny’s Blues as a metaphor. Following the publication of Sonny’s Blues, James Baldwin realized he had a role in the AfricanRead MoreSetting Analysis : Sonny s Blues 921 Words   |  4 PagesSetting Analysis of the Nightclub in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† which is an outstanding short story by James Baldwin, describes many obstacles in lifestyles and relationships of African-Americans in the influential time of post Harlem Renaissance and discrimination in the 1950s. In the end of the story, the nightclub setting is the most important and emotional turning point of the brotherhood between narrator and his young brother, Sonny. After many conflicts and arguments about their different

The Black Lives Matter Dr. Martin Luther King - 895 Words

This past year has been surrounded by the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† campaign. Though frequently met with praise and support, former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee ridiculed it saying that rather than amplifying the specific race of African Americans, it should be stated that, â€Å"all lives matter,† and proceeded to state that Martin Luther King would be â€Å"appalled by the notion that we’re elevating some lives above others.† Within the next week Leonard Pitts Jr. responded to Huckabee’s statements displaying his belief that rather than being appalled, King would be pleased by the movement, saying that the idea of exemplifying a movement as â€Å"elevating a race† is a ridiculous concept. Generally, Dr. Martin Luther King would have agreed with Leonard Pitts’ statement; for he would never have disapproved of the movement for black lives and equality. However, he would not disregard the statement saying all lives matter in the way that Leonard Pitts did. There are multiple examples throughout the writing of Why We Can’t Wait stating King’s beliefs of black lives and equality of humanity. From the cover of his book, there is a quote from King’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail that states the importance of standing against. He writes, â€Å"Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.† In respect to the present era, when officials of the state are abusing their power against innocent minorities, it is accurate to state that King would see this as anShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr.658 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. inspired myself along with many other nationalities all over the world in so many ways. He was a very courageous and intelligent man who fought so hard for the blacks or African-Americans like myself to have equal rights like the whites or Caucasian people. Just as other civil rights leaders such as Rosa Parks, Dr. King felt that it just wasn’t fair that the black people was segregated from the white people. Black people couldn’tRead MoreMartin Malcolm : A Dream Or A Nightmare951 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Martin Malcolm America Peace† If one man never steps forward to show all the others that change is possible, nothing will ever change. When you look back at history of the American civil rights movement, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. are still often two of the first names even someone of today’s society may think of. They were, and still are, some of the most influential men to ever live. As young African-American men living during a time of harsh global, but most importantlyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents were partRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream 903 Words   |  4 PagesPathos On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King delivered his speech at the Lincoln Memorial, which included a minimum of 20,000 people that gathered after the march of Washington. In his â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech, Martin Luther king utilizes pathos to build a relationship with his black and white audience. His references to black and white children and allusions to times of slavery which appealed to both parents and older generation. The use of pathos in his speech assisted Dr. Kings influencing in his audienceRead MoreWhy We Can t Wait By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.918 Words   |  4 Pages Why We Can’t Wait, a book by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., gives insight on the matters that occurred in Birmingham, 1963. Relation between the races have progressed since the sixties, but they could be better. This piece of literature should be read by all, if only to get a better understanding of history. Knowledge and ignorance, I feel, are key factors in what make relations between the races either good or bad. MLK gives great insight on the happenings in 1963 Birmingham, as well as the more overseenRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesA civil rights leader by the name of Reverend (PBS, 2016) Martin Luther King Jr. changed the world he occupied and changed the future course of the United States of America by advocating for desegregation. Martin Luther King Junior was on a mission to end the segregation of the African American community. Segregation was the post result of slavery throughout the United States of America which enslaved Africans. He challenged the status quo of the time. Protesting peacefully and advocating for socialRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Analysis1617 Words   |  7 Pagesto the melanin in their skin (King 2). Among these African Americans was the reverend, doctor, humanist, husband, and Civil Rights activist, Mr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King was a middle class, black man with a life-long devotion of implementing ethnic equality to African Americans nationwide. Following one of Rev. King’s peaceful protests in Birmingham, Alabama, he was jailed on accounts of â€Å"parading without a permit† (King 3). While in jail, Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote a response to â€Å"ARead MoreWhat Makes A Black?930 Words   |  4 Pageslikes BET (Black Entertainment Television); effectively suggesting tha t Killer Croc likes BET—he must be Black! Accidentally, the film’s director, David Ayer, made what I think is a particularly silly, and yet interesting commentary on Blackness. Blackness is the concept that a person’s Black identity is shaped not merely by their skin colour, but by their experiences, interests, and ideologies. Essentially, what makes a Black person a real Black person is their adherence to the Black Culture. Read MoreMalcolm X Essay1719 Words   |  7 Pagesunusually different. Martin Luther King wanted to a integrate non violent society; on the other hand Malcolm X thought complete separation was the solution to inequality. Either way both Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. were some of the most influencing leaders of the Civil Rights period . Both men were able to bring change in the black community; their views and opinios rose above many other people and left both whites and blacks filled with wonder and awe. At the time, Martin Luther King’s approachRead MoreEssay about Martin Luther King: The Peaceful Hero980 Words   |  4 Pagesthere is one that stands out, and that man is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King gave hope to those in need with his awe inspiring sermons he performed at the church his grandfather founded. He changed foes to allies with his thought provoking speeches, and lead powerful protests and strikes, with each one ending in a peaceful demonstrati on. First, a look into the history of Dr. King. Though not known to many, Dr. King was not born with the name Martin; rather, his name was Michael, having changed

“Marginalization” by Chandrakant Mallya Free Essays

In a scale, both arms are equally important. If one of them tilts, the result is imbalance. Compare the scale to the society. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Marginalization† by Chandrakant Mallya or any similar topic only for you Order Now A perfect society viewed from any angle, is impossibility. Turn the pages of human history—perfection was never there. It is reasonable to assume that it will never be there!   It can not be completely avoided either. Society at any given time has not existed and functioned without marginalization! Some of the definitions of marginalization are: â€Å"To relegate or confine to a lower or outer limit or edge, as of social standing.† â€Å"Marginalization (USA) refers to the overt or covert trends within societies whereby those perceived as lacking desirable traits or deviating from the group norms tend to be excluded by wider society and ostracized as undesirables.† Wing Leung describes A marginal person as â€Å"†¦one who does not belong†¦the marginal man†¦ [dwells] at the margin of two cultures and two societies†¦ [and possesses] a marginal mentality†¦ [with its] unresolved identity crises.† Louis Wirth speaking of minority groups thus: â€Å"A group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.† This means, the more numerically dominant members, or the more prosperous section of the society gives unequal treatment leading to acts of social ostracism, acts of discrimination, leading to marginalization. In â€Å"Sula† Tony Morrison traces the lives of two black heroines. They grow together in a small Ohio town—well, that’s the only common point about them. Otherwise, they are poles apart. Their paths are totally divergent, obviously their thinking as well! Nel Wright chooses the normal life of a black woman marries and settles in the place of her birth. She is part of the tightly-knit black community. Sula Peace rejects this option outright. She escapes to a city, joins a college, and when she returns to her roots, she is a rebel. She decides to teach a lesson to the society that humiliated her in childhood. She mocks at the social norms, and she is a wanton sexual seductress. Her vicarious pleasure is depicted in her triumphant return to her village and she is extremely happy about the victory she scored by crossing the hurdles that she faced in her life due to the color of her skin. These two characters ably depict, with utmost sincerity to their own emotions, their suffering and enjoyment   in the light of various trials and tribulations that was part of their life and living. The Civil War in USA led to the physical liberation. The War for economic liberation began thereafter. In Sula Toni Morrison provides us with the real history lesson with the depiction of the black way of life, a society which still continues to be marginalized both from social and economic standpoints. â€Å"Through their girlhood years they share everything — perceptions, judgments, yearnings, secrets, even crime — until Sula gets out, out of the Bottom, the hilltop neighborhood where beneath the sporting life of the men hanging around the place in head rags and soft felt hares there hides a fierce resentment at failed crops, lost jobs, thieving insurance men, bug-ridden flour . . . at the invisible line that cannot be overstepped.†Ã‚   (Morison, 1973) Fences is the story of four generations of black Americans.   The torch of legacy of morals, attitudes, mores and patterns passes through stories. Troy Maxon is the principle character of the play. Being a black, the part of the marginalized society of America, how and why he had to scale down his dreams to adjust inside his run-down yard. The opening scene   Ã‚  begins with Troy Maxon and his trusted friend Jim Bono engaged in drinking and talking. The anguish of marginalization related victimization is evident, when he makes a formal compliant to his bosses, why only white men are permitted to drive garbage trucks for the waste disposal company. The deep impact of marginalization in Troy Maxon’s psyche is shown as he counsels his teenage son Cory Maxon when he is being actively recruited for a college football scholarship. His father discourages him, and tells him not to ignore other important responsibilities. Troy wants that his son should never haul garbage like him. Cory represents all the possibilities his father never had and the unmet dreams. Yet the father is unwilling to let the son go on the path chosen by him to improve his lot in life.   His apprehension is that the white-dominated sports will not let Cory progress, and break his heart. Troy had spent fifteen years in jail for robbery and murder, but he became an accomplished baseball player in the jail. After the release, when he could not get proper opportunities to display his skill, he is bitter and resentful at the chances lost because of the color of his skin. He wants to protect his son from facing such disappointments and turn cynical. It was due to marginalization that Troy’s life was full of difficulties, oppression coupled with bad luck. As a boy, due the abject poverty, he was denied education, he cannot even read. Marginalization is practiced all over the world, and it embraces humanity. In the Developed World, racial and ethnic minority groups stand out as the most marginalized. Then there are other classes like, the poor, the sick, the disabled, the obese, teenage unwed mothers, the elderly, the homosexuals and lesbians. These groups suffer from one form of marginalization or the other-unemployment, poverty, poor health facilities and lack of education and the like. How can we strive to end it? The question should be rather how we can mend it? The ending to marginalization can only be through mending the ways of the society. First of all, the affluent and the socially well placed members of the majority community should realize the grave injustice rendered to the affected society for centuries. Genuine repentance and willing acceptance to reform can only change the social structure. The change with-out can be achieved only through the change with-in. Society must have a will to change, and that is possible by the combined efforts of the government, social and spiritual organizations. It is high time that marginalization is given a ‘decent’ burial. References: Morrison, Toni, Sula: Excerpted from the book jacket: †¦ â€Å"In clear, dark, resonant language   †¦ .members.tripod.com/~bibliomania/archive3/morrison5.html – 9k –Retrieved on May 21, 2007.                                                                                                 How to cite â€Å"Marginalization† by Chandrakant Mallya, Essay examples

Future Prospects of 3G in Bangladesh free essay sample

Though first mobile communication was launched in 1946 in USA, the development of mobile technology was stagnant till late 70’s due to technological constraint. The tremendous development of semi-conductor technology during this period and subsequent innovation of microprocessors in 1975 helped mobile to breakthrough commercially. Till further development of cellular technology, capacity problem was the key constraint of commercial mobile. In 1978total number of mobile (only in USA) was no above 10,000. Mobile technology up to this is termed as 0 Generation Mobile. World Mobile market even after full maturity of 2. 0G/2. 5G technology is still striving to migrate to Third Generation. Second Generation which was supposed to be obsolete by this time, today still acquires 85% of the market share. 3G after 8 years (since 2001) of start acquires only 15%market share. 3GPP before significant deployment of WCDMA based 3G declares the OFDMA based new standard LTE. 3GPP in line technologies UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA, HSPA+ has not bothered for logical gap to offer for deployment. When critics are still asking about the success of 3G, declaration of LTE puts the situation yet complex. This is off course the investment challenge for the mobile operators. Though vendors are very much optimistic about benefit of entering earlier in 3G chains and promising about smooth migration to upward technology by software up gradation only, countries like Bangladesh are to think twice to enter in such no returning vessel. Every vendor has astringent experience about software up gradation of the proprietary system. It is Mobile WiMAX that compels 3GPP to develop LTE. Vendors deliberately declare LTE roadmap ahead of time to defend against Mobile WiMAX. At this instant LTE is the choice more to the leading CDMA operators in USA to deploy quickly because of the bottleneck of CDMA to higher data rate. WCDMA operators are little pessimistic about quick LTE. Despite my own attachment with a mobile operator, the insight in the article is from my personal viewpoint. 2. What is 3G? 3G, or Third Generation, is a somewhat generic term for network technologies that the ITU classifies as part of their IMT-2000 specification. Generally, wireless network technologies must be able to provide a mobile device with a downlink connection speed of 384kbps in order to be considered a 3G technology. The most used 3G technologies are WCDMA, CDMA 1xEV-DO, and, technically, EDGE and CDMA 1xRTT. 3. 2G-3G-4G: 2G, first introduced in 1992, is the second-generation of cellular telephone technology and the first to use digital encryption of conversations. 2G networks were the first to offer data services and SMS text messaging, but their data transfer rates are lower than those of their successors. 3G networks succeed 2G ones, offering faster data transfer rates and are the first to enable video calls. This makes them especially suitable for use in modern smartphones, which require constant high-speed internet connection for many of their applications. 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone communications standards. It is a successor of the 3G and provides ultra-broadband internet access for mobile devices. The high data transfer rates make 4G networks suitable for use in USB wireless modems for laptops and even home internet access. 4. Features of 3G: The customers will get a high speed network for their communication which is far better than the 2G technology, particularly in data communication. The customer will get wireless broadband. Customer can see video or satellite based programs like TV programs using this technology. Customers can use all the facilities at same time. It may also be cheap than the other traditional media we are using, as a result of price war. The many in one service will be available at the same network. Due to use of the DTH the 3G technology, everyone will use these multi-purpose services to avoid time loss and keeping records for different service providers. All 3G service provides high speed internet service including: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, known as EDGE, Code Division Multiple Access, or CDMA 2000, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System or UMTS, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, or WiMax. UMTS HSDPA (High speed Downlink packet access) 5. Global Perspective: The world of telecommunications has changed rapidly over the last decade as we have entered the era of convergence between mobile networks, broadband communication, and the content sector. Consumers are demanding for advanced services such as mobile TV, mobile broadband Internet and other value added applications; the demand has increased tremendously in recent years and is considered as a key driver for further growth of ICT industry. Speed and bandwidth are two main support factors to supply the required wish list of mobile subscriber’s for attaining maximum value from mobile handset way beyond a simple voice call. In the growing scenario, where mobile voice services become uniform with increasing price competition, innovative data services made possible by the 3rd Generation (3G) networks are important for generating profit and growth. According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) mobile network or service based on the International Mobile Telecommunication-2000 (IMT-2000) family of global standards is commonly referred to as â€Å"3G mobile†. These mobile systems provide higher transmission rates than possible in second generation (2G) wireless technologies, enabling many advanced applications such as mobile videoconferencing, video phone/mail, mobile TV/Video player, and digital audio/video delivery. Thus, the true provision of communication, information, and entertainment via the mobile platform will be impossible without the successful dissemination of 3G services. The unprecedented necessity of deploying 3G mobile services has escorted operators globally; today there are approximately 1 billion 3G subscribers in over 150 economies. The following graph shows the growth of mobile subscribers over last three years and future growth trends by 2015. We can clearly observe that the present global market share of 3G subscribers is 18. 4 % which is predicted to reach 42. 7% by 2015, whereas the 2G mobile subscribers show no further growth trends. 3G mobile services are bringing a swift change in mobile broadband adoption, increase in data revenues for mobile operators with steady ARPUs. The following graph underlines how 3G will drive mobile broadband connections into the next decade, enabling 85% of mobile broadband subscriptions in 2013 via HSPA platform. 6. Asian Perspective: 7. Introduction of 3G In Bangladesh: The telecoms sector in Bangladesh has seen growth in mobile penetration that has exceeded all expectations with over 65. 1 million subscriber as of September 2010 versus only 4 million in2004. we believe with a supportive regulatory environment, crossing 100 million subscribers by2013 is achievable. The rapid growth in mobile telephony has undoubtedly had a transformative impact on the economy in terms of aggregated investment, FDI and productivity levels. There have also been substantial benefits from greater connectivity in terms of social cohesion and poverty alleviation . However the industry also faces a number of uncertainties, including upcoming telecom license renewals which expire in 2011 and prospective auction/issuance of 3G license where the cost of the licenses and cap ex requirement are still unclear. With India’s auctions having been completed on 19 May 2010 and service delivery under roll out process, it is believable there are number of valuable lessons for the prospective evolution of 3G and beyond 3G markets in Bangladesh. 3Gnetworks are expected to significantly enhance user experience of existing data service, with the introduction of video and other high bandwidth services by carriers; to help 3G really gain adoption among consumers, development of a mobile VAS ecosystem is critical. Mobile data surpassed voice on a global basis in December 2009. it is forecast that mobile broadband users are expected to more than 3. 4bn by 2015(from 360M in 2009). 80% of all people accessing the internet will do so using their mobile device. The main divers for increased activity on the mobile devices are three-fold network in the form of 3G(and future upgrades of 4G+), higher processing power device being available for mass-market price, and the fact that consumers are not only consuming but also producing content at an exponential pace. According to analyst firm ABI research, global mobile voice revenue will peak in 2010, at USD 580 billion, before starting to contract from 2011 onwards. By leveraging the enormous demand for data, service providers can at least partially make up for declining voice revenues. In developing market, voice revenues are likely to continue to expand but data will also become more important. Finally Bangladesh was able to give license for 3G cellular mobile communications. Which are provided high data rate service and 3G video call this service is only available in TELETALK mobile service Provider Company. Recently BTCL will call auction for Gramenphone Company to provide 3G license. Other company is also technically preparing for future 3G service. It is predicting that Bangladesh may under completely 3G services within 2016. Whereas other like Teletalk, GP may prepare for 4G+ cellular mobile communication service within this time. 8. Bangladesh Current Scenario: Since January 2010, the head of BTRC started planning for 3G licensing and stated the operating licenses would be issued in August 2010, which attracted a number of international telecommunication companies’ interests at that time. However, August 2010 came without the regulator committing to an auction. Despite this, the state-run Teletalk proposed launching 3G services ahead of other private mobile operators. In April 2011, both government and mobile operators started to negotiate the 2G licensing renewal, with the 3G spectrum auction having been held up for a long time. After the 2G license renewal, the regulator came to consider 3G licensing again and decided to hold the auction in September 2012. The initial intent was to allocate one concession to state-run operators, three to private operators, and one to a new foreign entrant. But the scheduled September 2012 auction was put off again until 2013 due to the belated settlement of 2G license renewal. The 3G licensing delay, along with 4G licensing, might deter the potential of introducing new technology and foreign investment. Things did not go as smoothly as expected. Since the National Board of Revenue (NBR) in Bangladesh planned to charge a 15% tax over the radio spectrum payments, the mobile operators refused to take part in the auction until the tax rate could be reduced to an acceptable level. After several rounds of postponements and arguments, the auction finally took place on September 8, 2013, based on the premise that the Value Added Tax (VAT) on 3G spectrum fees would be lowered to 5%. Both the high average corporate tax rate (52. 5%) and regulation uncertainties in Bangladesh could frighten foreign investors away, enticing no foreign entrants to the Bangladesh mobile markets. Since Bangladesh is in the critical moment of mobile technology development, the government should learn to efficiently allocate natural sources (like spectrum) and attract necessary investment, rather than take advantage of political power to seize more money from companies. On September 8, 2013, the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) announced that its four local private mobile operators had been assigned 3G spectrum in the 2. 1 GHz band. The spectrum could also be applied for 4G services. The regulator has collected BDT40. 8 billion (US$525 million) from the auction, while the spectrum fee per (paired) MHz is US$21 million. However, 2 x 15 MHz spectrum was left unsold, worth the price of US$315 million. 9. Acceptance of 3G: In recent years, the demand for mobile internet access has grown significantly. The number of pages viewed on the mobile Web browser Opera grew from 1. 8 billion pages in January 2008 to51. 5 billion pages in February 2011 where 7. 3 petabytes of operator data were compressed for 89. 8 million Opera Mini users [1]. Nevertheless, the current technology is not widely. Successful to serve and to satisfy the users because of its low transmission rate and high service costs. Consequently, research is going and new concepts toward evolution are subjected to verify for implementation throughout the world. Based on the requirements of high speed mobile wireless access services, wireless systems can be broadly classified as into two groups; Cellular system based on IMT 2000 (WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE/LTE-Advanced by 3GPP,CDMA2000 1X) and Extension of fixed wireless systems incorporate mobile functions i. e. WiMAX (IEEE 802. 16e) IEEE 802. 16m. The overall evolution of cellular technology is diagrammatically shown in Figure-1[2]. LTE Advanced is a broadband mobile communication standard. It is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a major enhancement of the pre-4G 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, which verified to be insufficient to satisfy market’s demand [3]. The 3G PP group has been working on different aspects to improve LTE performance, using for this purpose the framework provided by LTE Advanced, which includes some advanced features. Figure 2 shows a typical migration scenario toward LTE-Advanced. The horizontal axis explains the performance which includes capacity, through put, latency and cost, etc. LTE (Release-8) area will be overlaid firstly with 3G area and expanded gradually according to the customer’s demand. Since LTE-Advanced is based on the LTE Rel. 8 and supported with full backward compatibility with LTE Rel. 8, LTE-Advanced UE can be shared with LTE of previous release in the same frequency and area Thus, the migration from LTE toward LTE-Advanced is very smooth, e. g. support of CA with new frequency to improve the capacity and throughput. In In this research work, it has been presented a detail review on the LTE-Advanced mobile broad band communication systems and outlines some features that are still in progress. Other words, LTE operators can easily upgrade to the LTE-Advanced according to the market demands and new frequency allocation. 10. Current Statistics: â€Å"†The number of Internet users in the country touched the 33. 43 million mark at the end of April this year, according to a senior official of the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). About 95 per cent of them use the Internet through mobile phones, while the rest use broadband Internet from Internet Service Providers (ISP), he said. Suman Ahmed Sabir, former vice-president of the Internet Service Providers Association of Bangladesh (ISPAB), described the spurt in the number of Internet users as a positive one. He said dependence on mobile phones for surfing the Internet has increased sharply, as ISPs carry out their operations only in major cities, including the capital. He also said lack of infrastructure has forced many ISPs to stop their operations outside Dhaka. He further said the growth of broadband Internet has been slow in the country, even though there is an urgent need for proper development of the information and communication sector. He said the government should take steps to reach the Internet to persons in charge of responsible government offices. Mobile phone operators submit the number of their customers who apply for the minimum Internet connectivity of 90 days, according to an official of a mobile phone operator. According to him, the number of Internet users has been increasing rapidly since six mobile phone companies and two Wimax operators across the country have started offering different Internet packages. He expressed the hope that introduction of the new 3G technology would push up even more the number of Internet users. Now, the government-run Teletalk offers a limited 3G technology to its customers, he added. Of the telecom operators, Grameenphone is leading the sector with 10 million Internet subscribers, followed by Banglalinks 9. 7 million, Robis 4. 4 million, Airtels 2. 8 million, Citycells 0. 3 million and Teletalks 0. 255 million. Internet service providers (ISPs) and PSTN (public switched telephone network) operators have around 1. 22 million users, while two Wimax operators Banglalion and Qubee have 0. 49 million customers with Internet connectivity. TIM Nurul Kabir, secretary general of the Association of Mobile Telecom Operators of Bangladesh (AMTOB), said surfing has become important for mobile phone users. â€Å"Mobile phones have become a service tool. It is providing multiple services to the people. In addition to voice call, mobile phones provide different data and multimedia services. Thats why people are using such phones to conduct their everyday business,† he added. †Ã¢â‚¬  –Collected from http://www. theindependentbd. com 11. Network coverage of 3G in Bangladesh: When the first time 3G was launched in Bangladesh Teletalk covered all the areas that were covered before with 2G. But later when other network companies get the license for launching 3G the only covered the major areas of Dhaka and then on Chittagong. But now as the time new technology has grabbed everyone’s attention and everyone is interested to get the service they are spreading their network. But Still they are only covering the major cities of the countries districts. But the state owned Teletalk is covering almost all over Bangladesh. 12. Pricing of 3G: When Teletalk started their journey with the 3G technology they set their price for the service a bit higher. But after the permission of the other companies using 3G technology the price is falling. Even though the price is not affordable by all but we can hope that the price will fall and every mobile phone user will be able to effort the service. But as Teletalk is a state owned company they were able to maintain the price leadership of the market, whereas the companies are still working on their marketing strategies and priceings and offers.